This exam covers textbook material from Chapter 1 through Chapter 7. To complete the exam, respond to the three essay-response items presented. Each item is worth 33 points (you receive one bonus point for completing the exam). Your responses may be based upon any of the material covered in the course, as well as any outside-of-class material that you believe to be appropriate.

1. With respect to the stages of international market involvement, describe the unique aspects of global marketing (sometimes termed a global marketing orientation or the global marketing concept). Explain why global marketing is generally considered to be strategically superior to other approaches to international marketing involvement. Offer an example of a company/business that is at the global marketing level do not use Coca-Cola or Pepsi as the example.
Justify your choice of the company/business with specific details concerning why you believe it to be engaged in global marketing.

2. A crucial element in understanding any nations business and political culture is the subjective perception of its history. Explain the meaning of this statement and then respond to the two items below.
(a) Select a nation (you cannot select the United States, China, India, Japan, Canada, Germany, or Mexico) and provide an example of the subjective perception of history for that nation.
(b) For the nation selected in part (a), indicate whether that nation generally follows M-time (monochronic) or P-time (polychronic). Explain both the differences between these
time systems and why your selected nation can be considered to be following M-time or P-time.

3. The United States economy has experienced both high unemployment and low unemployment over the last decade and a half. Examine some of the common arguments for American protectionism and indicate which of these arguments (if any) is strengthened or weakened as a result of economic conditions. Do you believe there is a relationship between protectionism, the self-reference criterion, and ethnocentrism? Explain.