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Samira is a 26-year-old female with a history of intense dysmenorrhea. She experienced menarche at age 11. Her menstrual cycles average 25 days in length. She has a BMI of 18. Her menstrual cycle pain had decreased over the last 3 years while she was consistently taking birth control pills. However, she is now planning her first pregnancy and has been off birth control for 6 months. She has yet to conceive, even though she and her partner have been carefully timing intercourse and monitoring Samiras fertility window each month. Her dysmenorrhea has returned, and she has developed menometrorrhagia, along with other cyclical symptoms like diarrhea, bloating, and craving salty foods.

1.) Samiras physician is concerned that she may have endometriosis. Briefly explain the pathophysiology of this condition.

2.) Why would Samiras dysmenorrhea symptoms decrease when taking birth control pills?

3.) List and briefly describe 3 risk factors Samira has for endometriosis.

4.) List and describe 3 lifestyle or at-home treatments that may help Samira reduce her symptoms.

5.) Briefly explain how Donalds prostate could be related to his inability to urinate normally.

6.) Explain what a prostate-specific antigen test is and how it could be helpful for Donald.

7.) Watchful waiting is a treatment approach commonly used in cases involving the prostate. Explain what this means and why it is used.

8.) Donalds physician recommends a surgery called transurethral resection of the prostate. Briefly describe how this procedure is performed. Be sure to use anatomical terms.